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Creating a Work of Art Is One of Those Activities Raymond Kurzweil

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American writer, inventor and futurist

Ray Kurzweil
Raymond Kurzweil Fantastic Voyage.jpg

Kurzweil in 2005
Born

Raymond Kurzweil


(1948-02-12) February 12, 1948 (age 74)

New York City, New York, U.South.
Alma mater Massachusetts Plant of Technology (B.South.)
Occupation
  • Writer
  • Entrepreneur
  • Futurist
  • Inventor
Employer Google
Spouse(s)

Sonya Rosenwald

​

(m. 1975)​
Children 2; Ethan and Amy
Awards
  • Grace Murray Hopper Award (1978)
  • National Medal of Engineering science (1999)
Website Official website Edit this at Wikidata

Raymond Kurzweil ( KURZ-wyle; born February 12, 1948) is an American inventor and futurist. He is involved in fields such as optical grapheme recognition (OCR), text-to-spoken communication synthesis, speech recognition technology, and electronic keyboard instruments. He has written books on health, artificial intelligence (AI), transhumanism, the technological singularity, and futurism. Kurzweil is a public advocate for the futurist and transhumanist movements and gives public talks to share his optimistic outlook on life extension technologies and the future of nanotechnology, robotics, and biotechnology.

Kurzweil received the 1999 National Medal of Technology and Innovation, the United States' highest honor in engineering science, from President Clinton in a White Firm ceremony. He was the recipient of the $500,000 Lemelson-MIT Prize for 2001. He was elected a member of the National Academy of Engineering in 2001 for the awarding of engineering science to improve human-machine communication. In 2002 he was inducted into the National Inventors Hall of Fame, established by the U.Southward. Patent Office. He has received 21 honorary doctorates, and honors from 3 U.S. presidents. The Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) included Kurzweil as ane of 16 "revolutionaries who made America" along with other inventors of the past ii centuries. Inc. magazine ranked him #8 amidst the "most fascinating" entrepreneurs in the United States and called him "Edison'due south rightful heir".

Life, inventions, and business career [edit]

Early life [edit]

Kurzweil grew up in Queens, New York Metropolis. He attended NYC Public Pedagogy Kingsbury Elementary School PS188. He was born to secular Jewish parents who had emigrated from Austria simply earlier the onset of World State of war Two. He was exposed via Unitarian Universalism to a multifariousness of religious faiths during his upbringing.[ane] [2] His Unitarian church had the philosophy of many paths to the truth – his religious instruction consisted of studying a single organized religion for vi months before moving on to the side by side.[3] His father, Fredric, was a concert pianist, a noted conductor, and a music educator. His mother, Hannah was a visual artist. He has ane sibling, his sister Enid.

Kurzweil decided he wanted to be an inventor at the age of five.[iv] As a immature male child, Kurzweil had an inventory of parts from various structure toys he had been given and old electronic gadgets he'd collected from neighbors. In his youth, Kurzweil was an gorging reader of scientific discipline fiction literature. At the historic period of eight, nine, and ten, he read the entire Tom Swift Jr. series. At the age of seven or 8, he congenital a robotic puppet theater and robotic game. He was involved with computers by the historic period of 12 (in 1960), when just a dozen computers existed in all of New York Metropolis, and built computing devices and statistical programs for the predecessor of Caput Beginning.[5] At the historic period of 14, Kurzweil wrote a paper detailing his theory of the neocortex.[6] His parents were involved with the arts, and he is quoted in the documentary Transcendent Man [vii] as saying that the household always produced discussions about the future and applied science.

Kurzweil attended Martin Van Buren High School. During class, he ofttimes held onto his class textbooks to seemingly participate, merely instead, focused on his own projects which were hidden backside the book. His uncle, an engineer at Bong Labs, taught young Kurzweil the basics of computer science.[eight] In 1963, at age 15, he wrote his first estimator program.[9] He created pattern-recognition software that analyzed the works of classical composers, and then synthesized its own songs in similar styles. In 1965, he was invited to announced on the CBS television set program I've Got a Cloak-and-dagger,[10] where he performed a piano piece that was composed by a computer he too had built.[11] Later that yr, he won first prize in the International Science Off-white for the invention;[12] Kurzweil's submission to Westinghouse Talent Search of his get-go computer program alongside several other projects resulted in him being one of its national winners, which allowed him to exist personally congratulated by President Lyndon B. Johnson during a White House anniversary. These activities collectively impressed upon Kurzweil the belief that nearly any trouble could exist overcome.[xiii]

Mid-life [edit]

While in high school, Kurzweil had corresponded with Marvin Minsky and was invited to visit him at MIT, which he did. Kurzweil also visited Frank Rosenblatt at Cornell.[14]

He obtained a B.S. in information science and literature in 1970 at MIT. He went to MIT to report with Marvin Minsky. He took all of the estimator programming courses (eight or nine) offered at MIT in the first year and a half.

In 1968, during his sophomore year at MIT, Kurzweil started a visitor that used a reckoner programme to match high school students with colleges. The program, called the Select Higher Consulting Programme, was designed past him and compared thousands of different criteria near each college with questionnaire answers submitted by each student bidder. Around this time, he sold the company to Harcourt, Caryatid & World for $100,000 (roughly $748,000 in 2020 dollars) plus royalties.[15]

In 1974, Kurzweil founded Kurzweil Estimator Products, Inc. and led evolution of the offset omni-font optical graphic symbol recognition system, a calculator plan capable of recognizing text written in any normal font. Before that time, scanners had only been able to read text written in a few fonts. He decided that the best application of this engineering would be to create a reading machine, which would let blind people to empathize written text by having a computer read it to them aloud. However, this device required the invention of two enabling technologies—the CCD flatbed scanner and the text-to-speech communication synthesizer. Development of these technologies was completed at other institutions such as Bell Labs, and on January xiii, 1976, the finished product was unveiled during a news briefing headed by him and the leaders of the National Federation of the Blind. Chosen the Kurzweil Reading Car, the device covered an entire tabletop.

Kurzweil's next major concern venture began in 1978, when Kurzweil Figurer Products began selling a commercial version of the optical character recognition computer program. LexisNexis was one of the kickoff customers, and bought the plan to upload newspaper legal and news documents onto its nascent online databases.

Kurzweil sold his Kurzweil Computer Products to Xerox, where it was known as Xerox Imaging Systems, after known equally Scansoft, and he functioned as a consultant for Xerox until 1995. In 1999, Visioneer, Inc. acquired ScanSoft from Xerox to form a new public company with ScanSoft equally the new company-wide name. Scansoft merged with Dash Communications in 2005.

Kurzweil's next concern venture was in the realm of electronic music applied science. Afterwards a 1982 meeting with Stevie Wonder, in which the latter lamented the divide in capabilities and qualities between electronic synthesizers and traditional musical instruments, Kurzweil was inspired to create a new generation of music synthesizers capable of accurately duplicating the sounds of existent instruments. Kurzweil Music Systems was founded in the same year, and in 1984, the Kurzweil K250 was unveiled. The auto was capable of imitating a number of instruments, and in tests musicians were unable to discern the divergence between the Kurzweil K250 on piano mode from a normal chiliad piano.[16] The recording and mixing abilities of the machine, coupled with its abilities to imitate unlike instruments, fabricated it possible for a single user to etch and play an unabridged orchestral piece.

Kurzweil Music Systems was sold to South Korean musical musical instrument manufacturer Immature Chang in 1990. Equally with Xerox, Kurzweil remained as a consultant for several years. Hyundai acquired Young Chang in 2006 and in Jan 2007 appointed Raymond Kurzweil as Chief Strategy Officer of Kurzweil Music Systems.[17]

Afterward life [edit]

Concurrent with Kurzweil Music Systems, Kurzweil created the visitor Kurzweil Applied Intelligence (KAI) to develop computer voice communication recognition systems for commercial use. The start production, which debuted in 1987, was an early on spoken language recognition program.

Kurzweil started Kurzweil Educational Systems (KESI) in 1996 to develop new pattern-recognition-based figurer technologies to assist people with disabilities such as blindness, dyslexia and attending-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in school. Products include the Kurzweil one thousand text-to-voice communication converter software plan, which enables a computer to read electronic and scanned text aloud to blind or visually impaired users, and the Kurzweil 3000 program, which is a multifaceted electronic learning system that helps with reading, writing, and report skills.

Kurzweil sold KESI to Lernout & Hauspie. Following the legal and bankruptcy problems of the latter, he and other KESI employees purchased the company back. KESI was eventually sold to Cambium Learning Group, Inc.

During the 1990s, Kurzweil founded the Medical Learning Company.[18]

In 1997, Ray Kurzweil was the chair of the lath of Anthrocon.

In 1999, Kurzweil created a hedge fund chosen "FatKat" (Financial Accelerating Transactions from Kurzweil Adaptive Technologies), which began trading in 2006. He has stated that the ultimate aim is to amend the performance of FatKat'southward A.I. investment software programme, enhancing its ability to recognize patterns in "currency fluctuations and stock-ownership trends."[19] He predicted in his 1999 volume, The Historic period of Spiritual Machines, that computers will one day evidence superior to the best human fiscal minds at making assisting investment decisions. In June 2005, Kurzweil introduced the "Kurzweil-National Federation of the Blind Reader" (Chiliad-NFB Reader)—a pocket-sized device consisting of a digital camera and computer unit of measurement. Like the Kurzweil Reading Machine of almost 30 years earlier, the K-NFB Reader is designed to help blind people past reading written text aloud. The newer machine is portable and scans text through digital camera images, while the older machine is big and scans text through flatbed scanning.

In December 2012, Kurzweil was hired by Google in a total-time position to "work on new projects involving machine learning and language processing".[20] He was personally hired past Google co-founder Larry Page.[21] Larry Page and Kurzweil agreed on a i-sentence job description: "to bring natural language understanding to Google".[22]

He received a Technical Grammy on Feb 8, 2015, specifically for his invention of the Kurzweil K250.[23]

Kurzweil has joined the Alcor Life Extension Foundation, a cryonics visitor. In the event of his declared decease, Kurzweil plans to be perfused with cryoprotectants, vitrified in liquid nitrogen, and stored at an Alcor facility in the promise that future medical engineering science will exist able to repair his tissues and revive him.[24]

Personal life [edit]

Kurzweil is agnostic virtually the beingness of a soul.[25] On the possibility of divine intelligence, Kurzweil has said, "Does God exist? I would say, 'Not yet.'"[26]

Kurzweil married Sonya Rosenwald Kurzweil in 1975 and has two children.[27] Sonya Kurzweil is a psychologist in private do in Newton, Massachusetts, working with women, children, parents and families. She holds faculty appointments at Harvard Medical School and William James Higher for Graduate Didactics in Psychology. Her research interests and publications are in the expanse of psychotherapy practice. Kurzweil also serves every bit an active Overseer at Boston Children's Museum.[28]

He has a son, Ethan Kurzweil, who is a venture capitalist,[29] and a daughter, Amy Kurzweil, a cartoonist.[xxx] [31]

Artistic approach [edit]

Kurzweil said "I realize that most inventions fail not because the R&D section can't get them to piece of work, but considering the timing is wrong‍—‌not all of the enabling factors are at play where they are needed. Inventing is a lot similar surfing: yous take to anticipate and catch the wave at simply the correct moment."[32] [33]

For the past several decades, Kurzweil's virtually constructive and mutual approach to doing creative work has been conducted during his lucid dreamlike state which immediately precedes his awakening state. He claims to have constructed inventions, solved difficult issues, such every bit algorithmic, business strategy, organizational, and interpersonal issues, and written speeches in this land.[14]

Books [edit]

Kurzweil's first book, The Age of Intelligent Machines, was published in 1990. The nonfiction work discusses the history of figurer artificial intelligence (AI) and forecasts futurity developments. Other experts in the field of AI contribute heavily to the work in the form of essays. The Association of American Publishers awarded it the status of Nigh Outstanding Informatics Book of 1990.[34]

In 1993, Kurzweil published a book on nutrition called The 10% Solution for a Healthy Life. The book'due south main thought is that high levels of fat intake are the crusade of many health disorders common in the U.Due south., and thus that cut fat consumption downward to ten% of the total calories consumed would be optimal for most people.

In 1999, Kurzweil published The Age of Spiritual Machines, which further elucidates his theories regarding the future of technology, which themselves stalk from his analysis of long-term trends in biological and technological evolution. Much emphasis is on the likely form of AI development, along with the futurity of computer architecture.

Kurzweil's next book, published in 2004, returned to homo health and nutrition. Fantastic Voyage: Live Long Plenty to Live Forever was co-authored by Terry Grossman, a medical md and specialist in culling medicine.

The Singularity Is Near, published in 2005, was made into a motion-picture show starring Pauley Perrette from NCIS. In February 2007, Ptolemaic Productions caused the rights to The Singularity Is About, The Historic period of Spiritual Machines, and Fantastic Voyage, including the rights to motion picture Kurzweil's life and ideas for the documentary pic Transcendent Homo,[seven] which was directed past Barry Ptolemy.

Transcend: Ix Steps to Living Well Forever,[35] a follow-up to Fantastic Voyage, was released on April 28, 2009.

Kurzweil'southward volume How to Create a Heed was released on Nov. thirteen, 2012.[36] In it Kurzweil describes his Pattern Recognition Theory of Heed, the theory that the neocortex is a hierarchical system of pattern recognizers, and argues that emulating this architecture in machines could lead to an bogus superintelligence.[37]

Kurzweil'southward latest volume and outset fiction novel, Danielle: Chronicles of a Superheroine, follows a girl who uses her intelligence and the help of her friends to tackle real-world problems. It follows a structure akin to the scientific method. Capacity are organized as year-by-year episodes from Danielle's babyhood and adolescence.[38] The book comes with companion materials, A Chronicle of Ideas, and How You Can Be a Danielle that provide real-world context. The book was released in April 2019.[39]

In an article on his website kurzweilai.net, Ray Kurzweil announced his new book The Singularity Is Nearer for release in 2022.[40]

Movies [edit]

In 2010, Kurzweil wrote and co-produced a movie directed by Anthony Waller called The Singularity Is Near: A True Story Well-nigh the Future, which was based in part on his 2005 book The Singularity Is Near. Function fiction, part non-fiction, the pic blends interviews with 20 big thinkers (such equally Marvin Minsky) with a narrative story that illustrates some of his cardinal ideas, including a computer avatar (Ramona) who saves the earth from self-replicating microscopic robots. In add-on to his picture, an independent, characteristic-length documentary was made almost Kurzweil, his life, and his ideas, chosen Transcendent Homo.[7]

In 2010, an independent documentary motion picture chosen Plug & Pray premiered at the Seattle International Film Festival, in which Kurzweil and one of his major critics, the late Joseph Weizenbaum, argue near the benefits of eternal life.[41]

The feature-length documentary flick The Singularity by independent filmmaker Doug Wolens (released at the cease of 2012), showcasing Kurzweil, has been acclaimed equally "a large-calibration achievement in its documentation of futurist and counter-futurist ideas" and "the best documentary on the Singularity to date."[42]

Views [edit]

The Law of Accelerating Returns [edit]

In his 1999 volume The Age of Spiritual Machines, Kurzweil proposed "The Law of Accelerating Returns", according to which the charge per unit of change in a wide multifariousness of evolutionary systems (including the growth of technologies) tends to increase exponentially.[43] He gave farther focus to this effect in a 2001 essay entitled "The Law of Accelerating Returns", which proposed an extension of Moore'south police to a wide variety of technologies, and used this to contend in favor of John von Neumann's concept of a technological singularity.[44]

Stance on the future of genetics, nanotechnology, and robotics [edit]

Kurzweil was working with the Regular army Science Board in 2006 to develop a rapid response system to deal with the possible corruption of biotechnology. He suggested that the same technologies that are empowering u.s.a. to reprogram biological science away from cancer and heart disease could be used by a bioterrorist to reprogram a biological virus to be more than deadly, communicable, and stealthy. Nonetheless, he suggests that nosotros take the scientific tools to successfully defend against these attacks, like to the manner nosotros defend confronting computer software viruses. He has testified before Congress on the subject field of nanotechnology, advocating that nanotechnology has the potential to solve serious global problems such equally poverty, disease, and climate alter. "Nanotech Could Give Global Warming a Big Chill".[45]

In media appearances, Kurzweil has stressed the farthermost potential dangers of nanotechnology[11] but argues that in practice, progress cannot exist stopped because that would require a totalitarian system, and whatever attempt to do and so would drive dangerous technologies clandestine and deprive responsible scientists of the tools needed for defense. He suggests that the proper identify of regulation is to ensure that technological progress gain safely and quickly, but does not deprive the earth of profound benefits. He stated, "To avert dangers such equally unrestrained nanobot replication, we need relinquishment at the correct level and to place our highest priority on the standing accelerate of defensive technologies, staying ahead of destructive technologies. An overall strategy should include a streamlined regulatory process, a global plan of monitoring for unknown or evolving biological pathogens, temporary moratoriums, raising public awareness, international cooperation, software reconnaissance, and fostering values of liberty, tolerance, and respect for cognition and diversity."[46]

Wellness and crumbling [edit]

Kurzweil admits that he cared petty for his wellness until age 35, when he was found to suffer from a glucose intolerance, an early form of type 2 diabetes (a major adventure factor for heart disease). Kurzweil then found a doctor (Terry Grossman, Grand.D.) who shares his somewhat unconventional behavior to develop an extreme regimen involving hundreds of pills, chemical intravenous treatments, carmine vino, and various other methods to endeavour to live longer. Kurzweil was ingesting "250 supplements, 8 to 10 glasses of alkaline water and x cups of green tea" every day and drinking several glasses of reddish wine a calendar week in an effort to "reprogram" his biochemistry.[47] By 2008, he had reduced the number of supplement pills to 150.[25] By 2015 Kurzweil further reduced his daily pill regimen down to 100 pills.[48]

Kurzweil asserts that in the future, anybody volition live forever.[49] In a 2013 interview, he said that in fifteen years, medical technology could add more than a yr to one'southward remaining life expectancy for each year that passes, and we could then "outrun our own deaths". Among other things, he has supported the SENS Research Foundation's approach to finding a way to repair aging damage, and has encouraged the general public to hasten their research past donating.[22] [50]

Encouraging futurism and transhumanism [edit]

Kurzweil's standing equally a futurist and transhumanist has led to his involvement in several singularity-themed organizations. In Dec 2004, Kurzweil joined the informational lath of the Motorcar Intelligence Inquiry Institute.[51] In October 2005, Kurzweil joined the scientific informational lath of the Lifeboat Foundation.[52] On May 13, 2006, Kurzweil was the first speaker at the Singularity Pinnacle at Stanford University in Palo Alto, California.[53] In May 2013, Kurzweil was the keynote speaker at the 2013 proceeding of the Research, Innovation, Start-upwards and Employment (Rising) international conference in Seoul.

In February 2009, Kurzweil, in collaboration with Google and the NASA Ames Research Center, announced the creation of the Singularity University training center for corporate executives and regime officials. The University's self-described mission is to "get together, educate and inspire a core of leaders who strive to understand and facilitate the development of exponentially advancing technologies and employ, focus and guide these tools to address humanity's thousand challenges". Using Vernor Vinge's Singularity concept every bit a foundation, the university offered its get-go ix-week graduate program to 40 students in 2009.

Predictions [edit]

By predictions [edit]

Kurzweil's first book, The Age of Intelligent Machines, presents his ideas about the future. Written from 1986 to 1989, information technology was published in 1990. Edifice on Ithiel de Sola Puddle'south "Technologies of Freedom" (1983), Kurzweil claims to accept forecast the dissolution of the Soviet Matrimony due to new technologies such equally cellular phones and fax machines disempowering disciplinarian governments by removing land control over the menstruum of information.[54] In the book, Kurzweil as well extrapolates trends in improving reckoner chess software performance, predicting that computers would beat the best human players "by the twelvemonth 2000".[55] In May 1997, IBM's Deep Blue computer defeated chess World Champion Garry Kasparov in a well-publicized chess match.[56]

Mayhap almost significantly, Kurzweil foresaw the explosive growth in worldwide Internet use that began in the 1990s. At the time when The Age of Intelligent Machines was published, there were only ii.half dozen million Cyberspace users in the world,[57] and the medium was unreliable, difficult to use, and deficient in content. He besides stated that the Internet would explode not only in the number of users but in content equally well, eventually granting users access "to international networks of libraries, data bases, and information services". Additionally, Kurzweil claims to have correctly foreseen that the preferred mode of Internet admission would inevitably be through wireless systems, and he was also correct to estimate that this development would become practical for widespread utilise in the early 21st century.

In October 2010, Kurzweil released his report, "How My Predictions Are Faring" in PDF format,[58] analyzing the predictions he made in his book The Historic period of Intelligent Machines (1990), The Historic period of Spiritual Machines (1999) and The Singularity is Nigh (2005). Of the 147 predictions, Kurzweil claimed that 115 were "entirely correct", 12 were "substantially right", 17 were "partially right", and only 3 were "wrong". Combining the "entirely" and "essentially" correct, Kurzweil's claimed accuracy rate comes to 86%.

Daniel Lyons, writing in Newsweek mag, criticized Kurzweil for some of his predictions that turned out to be incorrect, such as the economy continuing to blast from the 1998 dot-com through 2009, a US company having a marketplace capitalization of more than than $i trillion past 2009, a supercomputer achieving 20 petaflops, speech recognition being in widespread use and cars that would bulldoze themselves using sensors installed in highways; all past 2009.[59] To the charge that a twenty petaflop supercomputer was not produced in the time he predicted, Kurzweil responded that he considers Google a giant supercomputer, and that information technology is indeed capable of 20 petaflops.[59]

Forbes mag claimed that Kurzweil's predictions for 2009 were mostly inaccurate. For example, Kurzweil predicted, "The majority of text is created using continuous oral communication recognition", which was not the instance.[60]

Future predictions [edit]

In 1999, Kurzweil published a second book titled The Age of Spiritual Machines, which goes into more depth explaining his futurist ideas. In it, he states that with radical life extension volition come up radical life enhancement. He says he is confident that within 10 years we will have the option to spend some of our fourth dimension in 3D virtual environments that appear just as real equally existent reality, but these volition not nevertheless be made possible via directly interaction with our nervous system. He believes that 20 to 25 years from now, we will have millions of blood-jail cell sized devices, known as nanobots, inside our bodies fighting diseases, and improving our memory and cognitive abilities. Kurzweil claims that a machine will pass the Turing test by 2029. Kurzweil states that humans volition be a hybrid of biological and non-biological intelligence that becomes increasingly dominated by its not-biological component.[ commendation needed ] In Transcendent Human being Kurzweil states "We humans are going to start linking with each other and become a metaconnection; we will all be continued and omnipresent, plugged into a global network that is continued to billions of people and filled with information."[seven]

In 2008, Kurzweil said in an expert panel in the National Academy of Engineering that solar power will scale upward to produce all the energy needs of Globe's people in twenty years. Co-ordinate to Kurzweil, nosotros only need to capture 1 part in ten,000 of the energy from the Sun that hits Globe'due south surface to meet all of humanity'south energy needs.[61]

Reception [edit]

Praise [edit]

Kurzweil was chosen "the ultimate thinking car" by Forbes [62] and a "restless genius"[63] by The Wall Street Journal. PBS included Kurzweil as ane of 16 "revolutionaries who made America"[64] forth with other inventors of the past two centuries. Inc. magazine ranked him Number 8 among the "well-nigh fascinating" entrepreneurs in the US and called him "Edison'southward rightful heir".[65]

Criticism [edit]

Although technological singularity is a popular concept in science fiction, some authors such as Neal Stephenson[66] and Bruce Sterling have voiced skepticism about its real-world plausibility. Sterling expressed his views on the singularity scenario in a talk at the Long Now Foundation entitled The Singularity: Your Future equally a Black Hole.[67] [68] Other prominent AI thinkers and computer scientists such every bit Daniel Dennett,[69] Rodney Brooks,[70] David Gelernter[71] and Paul Allen[72] have also criticized Kurzweil's projections.

In the embrace article of the December 2010 issue of IEEE Spectrum, John Rennie criticizes Kurzweil for several predictions that failed to become manifest by the originally predicted date. "Therein lie the frustrations of Kurzweil's brand of tech punditry. On close examination, his clearest and near successful predictions often lack originality or profundity. And virtually of his predictions come with so many loopholes that they border on the unfalsifiable."[73]

Bill Joy, cofounder of Sunday Microsystems, agrees with Kurzweil'south timeline of hereafter progress, just thinks that technologies such every bit AI, nanotechnology and advanced biotechnology will create a dystopian world.[74] Mitch Kapor, the founder of Lotus Development Corporation, has chosen the notion of a technological singularity "intelligent design for the IQ 140 people...This proposition that we're heading to this point at which everything is going to be simply unimaginably different—it's fundamentally, in my view, driven by a religious impulse. And all of the frantic arm-waving can't obscure that fact for me."[19]

Some critics have argued more strongly against Kurzweil and his ideas. Cognitive scientist Douglas Hofstadter has said of Kurzweil's and Hans Moravec's books: "It's an intimate mixture of rubbish and good ideas, and it's very hard to disentangle the two, because these are smart people; they're not stupid."[75] Biologist P.Z. Myers has criticized Kurzweil'southward predictions as being based on "New Historic period spiritualism" rather than science and says that Kurzweil does not empathize bones biological science.[76] [77] VR pioneer Jaron Lanier has even described Kurzweil's ideas as "cybernetic totalism" and has outlined his views on the culture surrounding Kurzweil's predictions in an essay for border.org entitled One Half of a Manifesto.[42] [78] Physicist and futurist Theodore Modis claims that Kurzweil's thesis of a "technological singularity" lacks scientific rigor.[79]

British philosopher John Grayness argues that contemporary science is what magic was for ancient civilizations. It gives a sense of hope for those who are willing to do nigh annihilation in order to achieve eternal life. He quotes Kurzweil's Singularity equally another example of a tendency which has nearly always been present in the history of mankind.[80]

The Brain Makers, a history of bogus intelligence written in 1994 past HP Newquist, noted that "Born with the same gift for self-promotion that was a character trait of people like P.T. Barnum and Ed Feigenbaum, Kurzweil had no issues talking upward his technical prowess...Ray Kurzweil was non noted for his understatement."[81]

In a 2015 newspaper, William D. Nordhaus of Yale University takes an economic look at the impacts of an impending technological singularity. He comments, "There is remarkably petty writing on Singularity in the modern macroeconomic literature."[82] Nordhaus supposes that the Singularity could arise from either the demand or supply side of a market economy, but for it to continue at the kind of pace Kurzweil suggests, there would have to be pregnant productivity trade-offs. Namely, in order to devote more resources to producing super computers nosotros must decrease our production of non-information technology appurtenances. Using a multifariousness of econometric methods, Nordhaus runs vi supply-side tests and one demand-side test to runway the macroeconomic viability of such steep rises in data technology output. Of the 7 tests only two indicated that a Singularity was economically possible and both predicted at least 100 years earlier information technology would occur.

Awards and honors [edit]

  • First identify in the 1965 International Science Fair[12] for inventing the classical music synthesizing computer.
  • The 1978 Grace Murray Hopper Award from the Clan for Calculating Machinery. The award is given annually to one "outstanding immature reckoner professional" and is accompanied by a $35,000 prize.[83] Kurzweil won it for his invention of the Kurzweil Reading Automobile.[84]
  • In 1986, Kurzweil was named Honorary Chairman for Innovation of the White Business firm Conference on Small Business organisation by President Reagan.
  • In 1987, Kurzweil received an Honorary Doctorate of Music from Berklee Higher of Music.[85]
  • In 1988, Kurzweil was named Inventor of the Year by MIT and the Boston Museum of Science.[86]
  • In 1990, Kurzweil was voted Engineer of the Yr by the over i 1000000 readers of Pattern News Magazine and received their third annual Engineering science Achievement Award.[86] [87]
  • The 1995 Dickson Prize in Science
  • The 1998 "Inventor of the Yr" laurels from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.[88]
  • The 1999 National Medal of Engineering science.[89] This is the highest award the President of the The states can bestow upon individuals and groups for pioneering new technologies, and the President dispenses the award at his discretion.[90] Bill Clinton presented Kurzweil with the National Medal of Engineering during a White Firm ceremony in recognition of Kurzweil's development of computer-based technologies to assistance the disabled.
  • In 2000, Kurzweil received the Golden Plate Honor of the American Academy of Achievement.[91]
  • The 2000 Telluride Tech Festival Award of Technology.[92] 2 other individuals also received the same award that year. The award is presented yearly to people who "exemplify the life, times and standard of contribution of Tesla, Westinghouse and Nunn."
  • The 2001 Lemelson-MIT Prize for a lifetime of developing technologies to help the disabled and to enrich the arts.[93] Only 1 is awarded each yr – it is given to highly successful, mid-career inventors. A $500,000 award accompanies the prize.[94]
  • Kurzweil was inducted into the National Inventors Hall of Fame in 2002 for inventing the Kurzweil Reading Machine.[95] The organization "honors the women and men responsible for the great technological advances that brand human, social and economic progress possible."[96] Fifteen other people were inducted into the Hall of Fame the same yr.[97]
  • The Arthur C. Clarke Lifetime Achievement Laurels on Apr 20, 2009 for lifetime accomplishment equally an inventor and futurist in figurer-based technologies.[98]
  • In 2011, Kurzweil was named a Senior Fellow of the Pattern Futures Council.[99]
  • In 2013, Kurzweil was honored as a Silicon Valley Visionary Award winner on June 26 past SVForum.[100]
  • In 2014, Kurzweil was honored with the American Visionary Fine art Museum'south Grand Visionary Accolade on January 30.[101] [102] [103]
  • In 2014, Kurzweil was inducted as an Eminent Member of IEEE-Eta Kappa Nu.
  • Kurzweil has received twenty honorary doctorates in scientific discipline, engineering, music and humane messages from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Hofstra Academy and other leading colleges and universities, as well as honors from three U.S. presidents – Clinton, Reagan and Johnson.[104] [105]
  • Kurzweil has received seven national and international moving-picture show awards including the Cine Golden Eagle Award and the Golden Medal for Science Didactics from the International Flick and TV Festival of New York.[86]
  • He gave a 2007 keynote speech to the protestant United Church of Christ in Hartford, Connecticut, alongside Barack Obama, who was then a Presidential candidate.[106] [107]

Bibliography [edit]

Not-fiction [edit]

  • The Age of Intelligent Machines (1990)
  • The 10% Solution for a Healthy Life (1993)
  • The Age of Spiritual Machines (1999)
  • Fantastic Voyage: Live Long Enough to Live Forever (2004 - co-authored past Terry Grossman)
  • The Singularity Is Near (2005)
  • Transcend: Nine Steps to Living Well Forever (2009)
  • How to Create a Mind (2012)

Fiction [edit]

  • Danielle: Chronicles of a Superheroine (2019)

See also [edit]

Spoken Wikipedia icon

This audio file was created from a revision of this article dated 25 November 2011 (2011-eleven-25), and does not reflect subsequent edits.

  • Technological singularity
  • Paradigm shift
  • Simulated reality

References [edit]

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External links [edit]

  • Official website Edit this at Wikidata
  • Appearances on C-SPAN
  • Raymond Kurzweil at IMDb
  • "Ray Kurzweil". Interview. Oral History. NAMM. 2007-01-20.
  • Official Danielle Superheroine website

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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_Kurzweil

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